使用 Drizzle 和 PostgreSQL 开始

Drizzle 对 node-postgres 和 postgres.js 驱动程序的 PostgreSQL 连接提供原生支持。

我们将在这个入门示例中使用 node-postgres。但如果你想找到更多连接 PostgreSQL 的方式，可以查看我们的 PostgreSQL 连接 页面。

基本文件结构

这是项目的基本文件结构。在 src/db 目录中，我们在 schema.ts 中有表定义。在 drizzle 文件夹中，有 SQL 迁移文件和快照。

📦 <project root>
 ├ 📂 drizzle
 ├ 📂 src
 │   ├ 📂 db
 │   │  └ 📜 schema.ts
 │   └ 📜 index.ts
 ├ 📜 .env
 ├ 📜 drizzle.config.ts
 ├ 📜 package.json
 └ 📜 tsconfig.json

第 1 步 - 安装 node-postgres 包

npm i drizzle-orm pg dotenv
npm i -D drizzle-kit tsx @types/pg

yarn add drizzle-orm pg dotenv
yarn add -D drizzle-kit tsx @types/pg

pnpm add drizzle-orm pg dotenv
pnpm add -D drizzle-kit tsx @types/pg

bun add drizzle-orm pg dotenv
bun add -D drizzle-kit tsx @types/pg

第 2 步 - 设置连接变量

Create a .env file in the root of your project and add your database connection variable:

DATABASE_URL=

第 3 步 - 将 Drizzle ORM 连接到数据库

Create a index.ts file in the src/db directory and initialize the connection:

import 'dotenv/config';
import { drizzle } from 'drizzle-orm/node-postgres';

const db = drizzle(process.env.DATABASE_URL!);

import 'dotenv/config';
import { drizzle } from 'drizzle-orm/node-postgres';

// You can specify any property from the node-postgres connection options
const db = drizzle({ 
  connection: { 
    connectionString: process.env.DATABASE_URL!,
    ssl: true
  }
});

import 'dotenv/config';
import { pgTable, serial, text, varchar } from "drizzle-orm/pg-core";
import { drizzle } from "drizzle-orm/node-postgres";
import { Pool } from "pg";

const pool = new Pool({
  connectionString: process.env.DATABASE_URL!,
});
const db = drizzle({ client: pool });

第 4 步 - 创建一个表

Create a schema.ts file in the src/db directory and declare your table:

import { integer, pgTable, varchar } from "drizzle-orm/pg-core";

export const usersTable = pgTable("users", {
  id: integer().primaryKey().generatedAlwaysAsIdentity(),
  name: varchar({ length: 255 }).notNull(),
  age: integer().notNull(),
  email: varchar({ length: 255 }).notNull().unique(),
});

第 5 步 - 设置 Drizzle 配置文件

Drizzle config - a configuration file that is used by Drizzle Kit and contains all the information about your database connection, migration folder and schema files.

Create a drizzle.config.ts file in the root of your project and add the following content:

import 'dotenv/config';
import { defineConfig } from 'drizzle-kit';

export default defineConfig({
  out: './drizzle',
  schema: './src/db/schema.ts',
  dialect: 'postgresql',
  dbCredentials: {
    url: process.env.DATABASE_URL!,
  },
});

第 6 步 - 将更改应用到数据库

You can directly apply changes to your database using the drizzle-kit push command. This is a convenient method for quickly testing new schema designs or modifications in a local development environment, allowing for rapid iterations without the need to manage migration files:

npx drizzle-kit push

Read more about the push command in documentation.

npx drizzle-kit generate

npx drizzle-kit migrate

第 7 步 - 向数据库填充数据并查询

Let’s update the src/index.ts file with queries to create, read, update, and delete users

import 'dotenv/config';
import { drizzle } from 'drizzle-orm/node-postgres';
import { eq } from 'drizzle-orm';
import { usersTable } from './db/schema';
  
const db = drizzle(process.env.DATABASE_URL!);

async function main() {
  const user: typeof usersTable.$inferInsert = {
    name: 'John',
    age: 30,
    email: 'john@example.com',
  };

  await db.insert(usersTable).values(user);
  console.log('New user created!')

  const users = await db.select().from(usersTable);
  console.log('Getting all users from the database: ', users)
  /*
  const users: {
    id: number;
    name: string;
    age: number;
    email: string;
  }[]
  */

  await db
    .update(usersTable)
    .set({
      age: 31,
    })
    .where(eq(usersTable.email, user.email));
  console.log('User info updated!')

  await db.delete(usersTable).where(eq(usersTable.email, user.email));
  console.log('User deleted!')
}

main();

第 8 步 - 运行 index.ts 文件

To run any TypeScript files, you have several options, but let’s stick with one: using tsx

You’ve already installed tsx, so we can run our queries now

Run index.ts script

npx tsx src/index.ts

yarn tsx src/index.ts

pnpm tsx src/index.ts

bun tsx src/index.ts

bun src/index.ts